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Cap-independent Translation Element
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
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Ein Cap-independent Translation Element (CITE oder 3'CITE, zu deutsch Cap-Struktur-unabhΓ€ngiges Translationselement) ist eine bestimmte RNA-Sequenz in der 3'UTR von einigen pflanzenpathogenen RNA-Viren.
Contents
β’ Eigenschaften
β’ Literatur
β’ Einzelnachweise
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
Eigenschaften
In Eukaryoten dient die Cap-Struktur am 5'-Ende der mRNA der Einleitung der Proteinbiosynthese. In manchen RNA-Viren kommen alternative Mechanismen vor, z. B. IRES oder CITE.cite-ref-a1-1-0[1] Durch die alternativen Mechanismen werden entweder die 60S-Untereinheit des Ribosoms oder Translations-Initiationsfaktoren (z. B. eIF4E)cite-ref-2[2] gebunden.cite-ref-a2-3-0[3] Das CITE in manchen Viren fΓΌhrt zu einer AnnΓ€herung des 5'- und des 3'-UTRs.cite-ref-4[4]
In der RNA2 des red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) ist das CITE zudem essentiell fΓΌr die Replikation der viralen RNA negativer PolaritΓ€t.cite-ref-5[5]
| Struktur | Beispiel |
|---|---|
| TED (translation enhancer domain) | Satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV) [ 6 ] |
| BTE (BYDV-like translation element) | Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) [ 7 ] |
| PTE (PMV-like translation element) | Hirse-Mosaik-Virus (en. Panicum mosaic virus , PMV) |
| TSS (T-shaped structure, βT-fΓΆrmige Strukturβ) | Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) [ 8 ] |
| Y-fΓΆrmig | Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) |
| I-fΓΆrmig | Maize necrotic streak virus (MNeSV) |
Literatur
β’ BL Nicholson, O. Zaslaver, L.K. Mayberry, K.S. Browning, K.A. White: Tombusvirus Y-Shaped Translational Enhancer Forms a Complex with eIF4F and Can Be Functionally Replaced by Heterologous Translational Enhancers. In: Journal of Virology. 87. Jahrgang, Nr. 3, Februar 2013, S. 1872β83, doi:10.1128/JVI.02711-12, PMID 23192876.
Einzelnachweise
cite-note-a1-11. β W.A. Miller, Z. Wang, K. Treder: The amazing diversity of cap-independent translation elements in the 3'-untranslated regions of plant viral RNAs. In: Biochemical Society Transactions. 35. Jahrgang, Dezember 2007, S. 1629β33, doi:10.1042/BST0351629, PMID 18031280, PMC 3081161 (freier Volltext).
cite-note-22. β Z. Wang, M. Parisien, K. Scheets, W. A. Miller: The cap-binding translation initiation factor, eIF4E, binds a pseudoknot in a viral cap-independent translation element. In: Structure (London, England : 1993). Band 19, Nummer 6, Juni 2011, ISSN 1878-4186, S. 868β880, doi:10.1016/j.str.2011.03.013, PMID 21645857, PMC 3113551 (freier Volltext).
cite-note-44. β R. Shen, A. M. Rakotondrafara, W. A. Miller: trans regulation of cap-independent translation by a viral subgenomic RNA. In: Journal of virology. Band 80, Nummer 20, Oktober 2006, ISSN 0022-538X, S. 10045β10054, doi:10.1128/JVI.00991-06, PMID 17005682, PMC 1617300 (freier Volltext).
cite-note-55. β M. An, H.O. Iwakawa, A. Mine, M. Kaido, K. Mise, T. Okuno: A Y-shaped RNA structure in the 3' untranslated region together with the trans-activator and core promoter of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus RNA2 is required for its negative-strand RNA synthesis. In: Virology. 405. Jahrgang, Nr. 1, 15. September 2010, S. 100β109, doi:10.1016/j.virol.2010.05.022, PMID 20561661.
cite-note-61. R. Shen, W. A. Miller: Structures required for poly(A) tail-independent translation overlap with, but are distinct from, cap-independent translation and RNA replication signals at the 3' end of Tobacco necrosis virus RNA. In: Virology. Band 358, Nummer 2, Februar 2007, ISSN 0042-6822, S. 448β458, doi:10.1016/j.virol.2006.08.054, PMID 17023016, PMC 1995077 (freier Volltext).
cite-note-72. N. M. Salem, W. A. Miller, A. Rowhani, D. A. Golino, A. L. Moyne, B. W. Falk: Rose spring dwarf-associated virus has RNA structural and gene-expression features like those of Barley yellow dwarf virus. In: Virology. Band 375, Nummer 2, Juni 2008, ISSN 0042-6822, S. 354β360, doi:10.1016/j.virol.2008.01.035, PMID 18329064.
cite-note-83. X. Zuo, J. Wang, P. Yu, D. Eyler, H. Xu, M. R. Starich, D. M. Tiede, A. E. Simon, W. Kasprzak, C. D. Schwieters, B. A. Shapiro, Y. X. Wang: Solution structure of the cap-independent translational enhancer and ribosome-binding element in the 3' UTR of turnip crinkle virus. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Band 107, Nummer 4, Januar 2010, ISSN 1091-6490, S. 1385β1390, doi:10.1073/pnas.0908140107, PMID 20080629, PMC 2803139 (freier Volltext).